That's a complicated subject because it depends on many parameters both course parameters and equipment/setting parameters.
Course (obvious parameters):
1) Wind affects distances. This we all understand qualitatively how it works. Quantitatively, the formulas of Oakdesing make sense (I would add a bit more stregnth, with 20 mph headwind I use 10% additional strength more or less, but I use backspin almost all the time). However, as the final distance of your shot depend on many other parameters, this is not the end of the story.
2) elevation affect distances but here this is already tricky. If you have uphill elevation, your ball will land shorter but the horizontal component of the ball velocity is bit larger (you have to do a small drawing and knows a bit about vectors to get this). So if the green is very slippery, your ball will run more on the green. If the elevation is downhill, then the ball will land farther but will run much less.
3) now whatever is the elevation or wind, the fine structure of the place where the ball will land affect distances. If there is bumps on the green, depending on which side of the bump the ball will land (and the size of the bump) it will affect much distances. For example on st andrews hole #2, when the flag is placed behing the big bump of the green, if the ball land on the downhill side of the bump (the part behind the top of the bump), then your ball will not stay on the green in general. So here it is better to shot longer than usually necessary to stay on the green. So this means that a shot with more strength can finally be shorter than a shot with lesser strength (this is probably what happened to the shot you mentioned where using a 155 yds club, you did a 237 yds shot, even with 20 mph tailwind, this would not happen on a completely flat surface).
4) the type of lie (fairway, rough, fescue, sand etc) of course affect distances.
5) the type of green (slow, fast, tourney etc) also affect distances for your approach shots.
So as you can see, formulas to adapt distances are not always enough even if this is a good basis to know more or less which strength and club to use. The formulas of Oakdesing make sense. But you need to test them and adapt them to your way of playing (are you using often backspin or not compared to Oakdesign for example, this would affect the formulas) and to your club
Equipment/setting:
1) the ball you are using affects distances
2) The trajectory of your club affect distances. Indeed, for a given horizontal distance, with high trajectory your ball travels more distance in the air than with high/med ot med trajectory. So if there is wind, the trajectory is more affected when you are using clubs with high trajectory.
3) spin used affect distances
4) dinging or not your shot affect distances.
So you understand that giving formulas is not easy because there is no general formulas. It depends on too many parameters. But as I said the formulas of Oakdesign are a good starting point.
Regards